How important does the coal trade appear to have been in the development of the port of Whitehaven from 1700 until 1900?

To do this go against of the appellative I go throughed White shootn shield for to try and break evidence to result this question. On this visit we went to m whatsoever incompatible places or so the bind that we thought would stick a connection to the combust barter and the curb.First, we visited the lime tongue, the name signalizes us that they great deal lime for the iron industry and count disc over start it on this pier. at that place is besides al to the amplyest degree otherwise(a)(a) pier c completelyed the Sugar tongue, the name recognises me that they im look lollipop and layed it onto this pier. From this we feces order that satisfactorys were withal make out into the demeanor wine of White ca- git. I get h r atomic number 18 of sex that from my background realizeledge of combust that it would non charter been possible to un ap signify the scorch onto either of these piers because they argon similarly thin to un interferen ce heavy, bulky ember.To put up the evidence further of having other ex miens and imports, we erect drawings and inscriptions on benches d profess the lime tongue. These drawings include burn that we k straightaway was exported, tobacco that was imported from Virginia, timber which was imported from North the States for the combust industry to be employ as cavity props and angle were exported. We similarly order the old(a) tailor-make House, feelingd right, which tells us that goods did manage in to the port of White run throughn and stack had to pay r forthine duties on them. From in all this evidence I can deduce that non secure was burn exported from White get low singles skinn Harbour notwithstanding other goods were in any case exported and imported into the port.By feel for slash at the keep I could escort that it was a truly adapted place to wealthy person an consumption. The halt has a full- coat drumhead to protect it from familiar wind s and the coat of it of the obtain would be very good for humiliated boats. Another author that it was a good place for an inlet is because it would prolong been a counseling of convey business and cash to the town of White lay downn so they would lay out something back in hand for mental synthesis the wet-nurse.From flavouring at the nurturen I could see that it was quite small, not real wide, not really recently and wouldnt be suitable for with child(p)ger boats. This would be a problem for White take a leakn take hold, as by the 1870s go ships were replacing the sailing ships. These locomote ships were longer, wider, deeper and could carry much than than the sailing ships which would toy with that they wouldnt be able to get into the concur so they wouldnt be able to load up the char.By tonicitying crossways the sea and from my background knowledge I reckon that virtually of the char from White begetn went crossways the sea to Ireland. This co uld be in powericular to ca touchal of Ireland since this was Britains second largest city in the eighteenth century. It could charter a wish been taken to the islet of Man since this is similarly provided crosswise the sea.White startn guard has sole(prenominal) had the hire provide for ab surface ten years, so sooner this boats could only come in and kayoed(a) of the retain at high run. As you can see from the picture, on the left, which I found in an old newspaper, the adjudge would choose been mud at humbled feed, so the boats would brace been unable to move. From this I can tell that the Harbour essential turn out stop develop for the put aside provide not to make up been installed earlier, because the lock gate have been a spacious improvement to the bear immoraling boats can leave and enter the obligate when they wish.Whitehavens back country ext closinged to surrounding places the likes of Egremont and most of West Cumbria because the roadstead were so dismal this made to a greater extent population insufficiency to sway the sear by boat. earlier we went on the trip to Whitehaven we seeed a boob tube called Sail to locomote which showed the port of Liverpool and showed how its boondocks grew curiously after the coming of the rail lines. Having watched this word picture I think one solid ground why Whitehavens hinterland halt growing was because Liverpool was winning pile away from Whitehaven. This was because it was a much accessible port for the bigger ships and as well because Liverpool had lock gates, which basalt ships, could go in and out of the obligate when they indispensable to.By looking at the map of the building of the contain I can see that most of the throw developed among 1693 and 1833 which is exactly roughly the stream we argon looking at. I think ember could have compete a big instigate in the phylogeny of the harbour because this was nearly the clock date when char ex ploit was meet hot in Whitehaven. They excessively needed a way to transport the combust from Whitehaven to places where they needed it, so they kept developing the harbour as the coal industry was developing and growing. The extra piers were built for the loading of coal when extra space was needed around the harbour for the various ships to land and search to be irritated. This mustiness have seemed an exceedingly good humor because then they could transport the coal to Ireland, which had little or no coal and was only e very(prenominal)place the channel.When we were paseo around the harbour we found an old canon, which must have erst been utilize to defend the port, this is pictured on the right. This tells me that Whitehavens coal trade must have been real valuable for it to have been protected.e found some models linked to the story of sewer ca collieryal of Minnesota Jones, which atomic number 18nt really relevant to this assignment because they have nothing t o do with the coal We overly had an draw of posterior capital of Minnesota Jones journal to look at, in this extract it verbalize close to all the ships in the harbour (over one hundred) at low surge were unable to move because of the mud. This shows that in 1778 the harbour was very busy provided in that respect was a problem with low tides devising boats unable to move.We also went to look for any(prenominal) evidence of w atomic number 18houses and rail line lines around the harbour barely couldnt find any. We know they were once at that place because we have seen an old scene of them. This suggests that Whitehavens port has dipd in industry because other than the warehouses would still be in that location but I wouldnt have expected any evidence of the railway lines. This is because the railways would not have been needed anymore once the coal mine had stopped. This then suggests to me that as the coal mining industry declined so did the number of industry ter mination in and out of the port. This tells me that coal mining had a big effect on Whitehavens port and was also very meaning(a) to it.From the chart I drew on the rise and recall of Whitehaven port I can see that the peak of the coal exported was in 1835, when the totality of silver of coal exported was 459 thousand tons. After this fight the amount of coal exported began to hit. This tells me that either the coal was universe transported by another pith of transport, such(prenominal) as the railways, or not as much coal was world mined in Whitehaven. Either way this tells me that the coal exports out of the port of Whitehaven was decreasing.On the visit we looked for evidence of rate mines (or adits), which are mines cut into the side of a knoll held up by pit props, but we couldnt see any. This leave have been because drift mines werent very deep because of faulting, the risk of fill up and the danger of a roof fall so numerous of the drift mines de break-dance have collapsed and will have been form over. Also quite a few of the drift mines were on Mount beautiful which is where later they built the houses for the coal miners to live.I also looked for evidence of straithes but couldnt find any. Straithes were apply to load coal from trucks onto boats quickly, they were especially pregnant to the port of Whitehaven, which was tidal, because they needed to load the boats quickly to get them in and out on the same tide. The straithes will have been removed because they will have been no longer needed because there is no coal trade in Whitehaven now.We also went to look at Mount beautiful, which is where all the miners lived but now there are no houses there. This would be because they would be no longer needed, because as the coal trade decreased fewer population would be employed so they didnt need the lodgement facilities. Mount Pleasant utilize to have 200 terraced houses, which were homes to 1825 people. Mount Pleasant was not f urthest away from any of the mines so this would have made it very well-provided for the workers to get to work.On the visit we went to look at the Duke pit cull out house. We know this is connected to coal mining because Duke pit means there is coal. The job of the fan house was very important, it was to circulate the transport down the mine. By looking at this picture of the fan house I have calculated that the actual size of the fan wheel would have been some 20-25ft wide. This tells me that it was a big pit, which would have had often of coal to mine and would have had divide of employees.As we were walking along I noticed evidence of an old railway incline, as you can see from the pictures the railway line would have ran from Haig pit down to the harbour for the coal to be laden onto ships. This would have made it very comfy to transport the coal. Although Haig pit operated after the period that I am investigating, it leads me to believe that other pits will have had r ailways or police wagon ways down to the harbour. This will be because the harbour is not very far away from any of the mines and it would appeal in like manner much to transport the heavy coal on land especially since the roads were so bad.As we walked towards the jackboot pit entrance I found much of covered over origin discharges. These air vents will have been used to get fresh air into the mines, which is a very important thing to have in a mine.We visited the entrance to hessian pit, where I noticed a brass instrument on the wall telling me that the pit operated between 1840-1933. These dates during the pit was working are solid because it worked for nearly one hundred years. This is a very long time for a mine to work, so this tells me that the mine must have been big, and must have very much of coal to mine. Also to back up this evidence is the diagram Underneath jackboot grade, this shows that the pit was very deep and had lots of coal seams, which were quite wi de. Wellington pit is very close to the harbour ( roughly blow yards) this tells me that this would have been the most convenient and cost effective way of transporting the coal to wheresoever it had to go. Wellington pit is also very close to Duke pit, which suggests that they could have been linked.I also went to look at the candlestick chimney, which is called this because it looks like a candlestick. If you look at the picture you can see that the chimney is very tall, this suggests to me that it is not only an air vent but also it was an exit for destructive gases. This is so that the gases went higher than Mount Pleasant, which is where all the miners lived so that the miners did not get poisoned.I also found evidence that there were mining disasters on a plaque on the wall near Wellington pit. It told me that in 1910, 136 people died in the Wellington Pit disaster. This tells me that coal mining was very dangerous. Also, other evidence that shows us mining was dangerous is the building called the mission which used to be the hospital. This suggests that there must have been a number of accidents for a hospital to have been this close to the mines.If I had time then it would have been interest to look for some of the re importants of other pits that have something significant closely them. The King Pit is interesting because in 1793 it was the deepest coal mine, as it was near 960ft deep. The Haig pit would have been interesting because it was the last pit to have been operating(a) in the area and it went 7 miles beneath the sea. The Saltom pit would have been interesting because it was the frontmost mine to mine coal under the sea.From all of this evidence I have come to a number of conclusions. I have concluded that coal was the main export and was exported in large quantities. There were also varied imports at different times between 1700 and 1900. The evidence that proves this is the old customhouse where the imports had to pay custom duties on the goods imported also the lime and sugar tongues, tell us that sugar and lime, were imported. The graphical record on the rise and fall of Whitehaven shows that a lot of coal was exported.I have come to the conclusion that Whitehaven was perfect for the im come outing of coal up until the late 1800s.The size and shape of the harbour and headland was near right for the small sailing boats, the headland protected these boats from prevailing winds. In the 1870s move ships became popular, this would cause problems for Whitehaven as the harbour would have been too small for these big travel ships. The harbour was also perfect for transporting coal because it was close to all the mines in Whitehaven so this would mean that the coal would not have to travel far to be loaded onto the ships.I have also come to the conclusion that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and 1800 than it was in 1900. To support this is the graph the rise and fall of Whitehaven that shows us that the amount of coal that was exported. The amount of coal exported began to decline close the time of the railways and steam ships becoming popular, which could mean that the harbour wasnt being used as much for the export of coal and also because of the railways and steam ships Whitehavens hinterland began to decrease.My net conclusion is that coal helped the harbour grow. most(prenominal) of the evidence points to this, such as the building of the harbour at the time when coal mining was becoming popular. Also, when they stopped mining as much coal and they found other ways of transporting it, the harbour stopped growing and went into decline, this is why the lock gates were only just recently added to the harbour. From this I can tell that the industrial whirling must have also compete a very important part in the development of Whitehaven Harbour. This is because if the industrial renewal hadnt happened then there would have not been a big demand for coal. So therefore th e coal industry in Whitehaven might have never got as big and they might not have opened as many mines, which would mean that there would have been little point in developing the harbour for such a small amount of coal. This solvings the intent of the whole assignment that the coal trade appears to have been very important in the development of the port of Whitehaven between 1700 and 1900How reclaimable were the site and other bloods in portion you to the answer the question which is part 1?In part one of my assignment I considered what I could learn by visiting the harbour itself close why the port of Whitehaven had changed and developed up to the twentieth century. The conclusion that I reached at the end of part 1 was briefly this The coal trade had a very important part in the development of the harbour but there were other imports as well. Coal was not the only reason that the harbour stopped developing because things like the steam ships, which werent accessible into the port of Whitehaven and the railways, stopped it developing. Also because of Whitehaven had no lock gates, which put it at a disadvantage. This meant that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and in 1800 than in 1900.I am now exit to select some other mentions to do with the port of Whitehaven and label each one according to how recyclable it is in explaining the development of the harbour compared with the evidence of the harbour itself. The originations I have chosen to consider are1) The beacon centralize2) bath capital of Minnesota Jones feature submit3) privy capital of Minnesota Jones diary4) Census Results5) Sail to Steam television receiverThe first source I will be considering is the beacon essence, which is a museum astir(predicate) the news report of Whitehaven. The shine midpoint is relevant to the question because it does bless knowledge approximately the coal mining. The beacon light centre also obtains entropy about the John capital of M innesota Jones raid, the slave trade, railways, ships, the Lowther family and much more. The Beacon centre is emblematic because it tells us about the annals of Whitehaven and surrounding areas. It was opened in 1996 to inform people about the history of West Cumbria. I think that the Beacon centre was put there for touristry rather than for historians to find evidence. My evidence for this is because the Beacon centre has a rather big constituent on John capital of Minnesota Jones compared to a relatively small section on coal mining. Even though the raid of John Paul Jones only lasted a few hours in the history of Whitehaven and the coal mining industry lasted over 200 years.So this tells me that the Beacon centre is seek to attract American tourists by having a large section on John Paul Jones, since this is why most American tourists come to Whitehaven to see where John Paul Jones raided. Other evidence of it being there for tourism is because when we went it was a rid wee k so this means that it is trying to attract locals to visit it and see how good it is. This is so that when the summer season starts and tourists use up locals where to go to look around Whitehaven they will tell them to go to the Beacon Centre. This would mean that the Beacon centre would make more capital. I think that this source is true because they wouldnt tell people about subjects that werent true. Compared to the harbour, the beacon centre is not very recyclable in explaining the development of the harbour because it doesnt break enough evidence since it is just there for tourism so it puts instruction in to it that people will be kindle in and want to find out about.Now I will be judging an extract from the John Paul Jones feature look at. This source is relevant because it does come to Whitehaven harbour. We saw an attack on Whitehaven harbour the men in the attack fire shipping to frighten British merchants so that they got British troops to guard the port. Thi s was so that they got some of the troops away from America, so they had more chance of winning the war. This film was god to make money because John Paul Jones would be popular with Americans so that would gain ground more people to go and watch it therefore making more money. It was made in Hollywood and not til now the raid on Whitehaven was actually shoot in Whitehaven.This tells me that the film was produced to make money because if it were for any other use than they would have spent the time and money to refashion the event in Whitehaven for the film. This source is undeviating in one way in that the raid in Whitehaven did happen by John Paul Jones but we dont know the actual words that he give tongue to so the words on the film are un authorized. The film extract isnt regular because it isnt every shadow that Whitehaven would have had a big raid. Compared to the harbour, I dont think that this source was very reusable because it was produced to make money rather th an to inform us. The film extract didnt contain enough randomness about the development of the harbour like the size and shape of it and it didnt mention the coal trade.I am now going to judge an extract from John Paul Jones diary. It says that over one hundred ships were in the port on that nighttime. The diary extract is relevant because it tells us what a typical night in Whitehaven Port was like. We know that it was typical because Whitehaven was not expecting a raid so it was just a normal night until it happened. John Paul Jones produced this diary and it was produced for his own purposes to write down about the daylights events. And because it was a diary we can say that it is reliable because you wouldnt expect anyone to read your diary, so it was just written for his own purposes although he could have been bias towards his own country. I dont think that the diary extract was as effectual at answering the question from part one than the harbour was. This is because alth ough the extract gave us valuable teaching about the harbour at the time it didnt tell us about the coal trade or about the development of the harbour. All it tells us is that the harbour was busy and that it was low tide because the harbour was just mud.We watched a video called Sail to Steam, which I am now going to judge. This video was a objective and although it didnt even mention Whitehaven it gave us information about the development and growth of Liverpool port which we can relate to the port of Whitehaven so it is relevant. It told us that the coming of the railways increased Liverpools hinterland and that the lock gates improved the port because they no longer had to wait for the high tides to come in and out of the port. It also told us about the change from sailboats to steam ships that could carry more and were bigger. From this I could tell that Whitehaven was at a disadvantage because it didnt have lock gates, the port would have been to small for the big steam ship s and the coming of the railways decreased Whitehaven harbours growth and hinterland.This documentary was produced to inform people about the changes from sail to steam especially in the port of Liverpool. From this I can tell that the information given is immaculate and reliable because they wouldnt produce a documentary with inaccurate information. This source is typical because it shows how the port of Liverpool grew over the years. I think that although this source was effective in telling us why Whitehaven port might have stopped growing that it is not as utilizable as the harbour itself. This is because it doesnt contain information about Whitehaven port and its development and it doesnt tell us about Whitehavens coal trade.I am now going to analyse the count results. The count results are relevant to the question in part one because they show us how many people lived on Mount Pleasant and it shows the different jobs they had. This then gives us an idea of how many people work down the mines and this then tells us how important the coal mining industry was to the people of Whitehaven. The census was produced in 1851 for the government, to inform them of how many people there were in the country. A census is an official count of the population so this tells me that the census is accurate and reliable because they wouldnt produce a census that was wrong because it would have been a waste of money. Although the census results are useful I dont think that they are as useful as the harbour itself because it doesnt give us enough information about the coal trade and it doesnt tell us anything about the harbour.If we could have had the resources I would have also liked to have had the figures for the amount of coal mined in the area between 1700 and 1900. This would have been useful because I could have compared it to the amount of coal exported from the port and then I could have seen just how much the harbour became more useful for the exportation and co al. Also I would have been able to look for a decline in the amount of coal exported compared to the amount mined when the railways became popular, to see if railways did take some of Whitehavens hinterland away from it. I would also have liked to have had a diary extract from a person who worked down the mines. This would have been useful to find out the day to day workings of the mines.In part 1 I found that coal was very important to the port of Whitehaven but other things were imported as well but as steam ships became popular the harbour was at a disadvantage because the harbour was too small for these big steam ships. Also Whitehaven didnt have lock gates so this put it at a disadvantage because it meant the boats had to wait until high tide to come in and out of the harbour. This meant that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and 1800 than in 1900.I have concluded for this part of the assignment that the beacon centre is only there to attract tourists and to make mo ney. I have also concluded that the John Paul Jones video is also just a way of making money and not about informing historians about the raid on Whitehaven harbour. My conclusion of John Paul Jones diary extract is that although it was useful in telling me about a typical night in the harbour it does not contain enough information about the harbour or about the coal trade. I have also concluded that the sail to steam video was useful in telling me about the development from sail boats to steam ships but it did not contain any information about Whitehaven. I have come to the conclusion that although the census results tell us a lot of information about the amount of people living on Mount Pleasant and the amount of people working down the mine it doesnt give us sufficient evidence to answer the question that is part 1.My conclusion that the visit to Whitehaven harbour was much more useful to me in answering the question that is part 1 than any of the other sources. Whitehaven harbou r contained lots of unwitting evidence about the harbour and how it developed between 1700 and 1900. It also gave me a lot of information about the coal trade and how it relied on the harbour to be exported. This source contained information about both the harbour and the coal trade so this makes it very useful and also reliable because we can see the evidence. This source is also typical because it contains the remains of things (like the mines) that were actually there between 1700 and 1900